Gastroesophageal Reflux (GERD) and Hiatal Hernia

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Key Points

Upper Endoscopy: Visual examination of the esophagus and stomach lining for irritation or hiatal hernias.
Barium Swallow: A series of X-rays to identify structural changes such as hiatal hernias or reflux.
pH Monitoring: Measures acid in the esophagus to confirm reflux.
Esophageal Manometry: Measures muscle contractions in the esophagus, which can help in diagnosing motility disorders.